Prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in primary care are suboptimal, due largely to lack of knowledge about risk factors and ineffective communication among health care professionals. Poor patient outcomes are also related to low adherence to therapy and lapses in treatment, which can increase the risk for subsequent fracture. This supplement presents the latest diagnostic criteria, including a Web-based fracture risk algorithm. Also included are updated treatment guidelines for clinicians, descriptions of available and emerging therapies, and reviews of effective multidisciplinary approaches leading to optimal patient outcomes.