Comorbid Clustering in Hypertensive African Americans: Disease Management of Multiple Risk Factors

Following completion of this activity, participants should be able to:

• Identify predictive markers of disease progression in African Americans with hypertension and how these markers can be used to tailor therapy
• Discuss the risk prevention of metabolic syndrome using polypharmacy in African Americans with diseases unrelated to metabolic syndrome
• Develop strategies to address modifiable risk factors in African Americans with hypertension and comorbid conditions
• Review the role of patient compliance in the development of comorbid conditions in African Americans and how to effectively implement patient education into treatment paradigms
• Obtain sufficient information to effectively manage high-risk African Americans with multiple cardiovascular risk factors

It is the policy of Temple University School of Medicine, The Albert J. Finestone, M.D., Office for Continuing Medical Education to ensure balance, independence, objectivity, and scientific rigor in all of its sponsored or jointly sponsored educational programs. All faculty participating in programs sponsored or jointly sponsored by Temple University School of Medicine are expected to disclose to the program audience any real or apparent conflict(s) of interest related to the content of their presentation(s).

The information presented at this CME program represents the views and opinions of the individual presenters and does not constitute the opinion or endorsement of, or promotion by, Temple University School of Medicine, Temple University Health System, or its affiliates. Reasonable efforts have been taken intending for educational subject matter to be presented in a balanced, unbiased fashion and in compliance with regulatory requirements. However, each program attendee must always use his/her own personal and professional judgment when considering further application of this information, particularly as it may relate to patient diagnostic or treatment decisions, including, without limitation, FDA-approved uses and any off-label uses.

George Bakris, MD, has been a consultant for and has served on the speakers bureau for Abbott Laboratories; Boehringer Ingelheim; Bristol-Myers Squibb Company; Daiichi Sankyo, Inc.; Forest Laboratories, Inc.; Gilead Sciences, Inc.; GlaxoSmithKline; Merck & Co., Inc.; Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation; sanofi-aventis; and Walgreen Co. He has received grant/research support from Forest Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; GlaxoSmithKline; and the National Institutes of Health.

Jan N. Basile, MD, has been a consultant for Abbott Laboratories; Boehringer Ingelheim; and Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation. He has received grants/research support from Boehringer Ingelheim; the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; and Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation. He is a member of the speakers bureau for Abbott Laboratories; AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP; Boehringer Ingelheim; Daiichi Sankyo, Inc.; Forest Laboratories, Inc.; GlaxoSmithKline; Merck & Co., Inc.; Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation; and Pfizer Inc.

Alan S. Brown, MD, FACC, has been a consultant for Abbott Laboratories; Merck & Co., Inc.; and Pfizer Inc. He is a member of the speakers bureau for Abbott Laboratories; AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP; Eli Lilly and Company; Kos Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; Merck & Co., Inc.; Pfizer Inc.; and Schering-Plough Corporation.

Gregg C. Fonarow, MD, is a member of the speakers bureau for Bristol-Myers Squibb Company; GlaxoSmithKline; Merck & Co., Inc.; Pfizer Inc.; and sanofi-aventis.

Kenneth A. Jamerson, MD, has been a consultant for Daiichi Sankyo, Inc.; Merck & Co., Inc.; and Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation. He has received grants/research support from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; National Institutes of Health; and Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation. He is a member of the speakers bureau for Abbott Laboratories; Bristol-Myers Squibb Company; GlaxoSmithKline; Merck & Co., Inc.; and Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation.

Thomas J. Price Jr, MD, has been a consultant for AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP. He is a member of the speakers bureau for Bayer HealthCare; GlaxoSmithKline; Merck & Co., Inc.; Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation; and Pfizer Inc.

Karol Watson, MD, PhD, FACC, has been a consultant for Abbott Laboratories; AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP; Merck & Co., Inc.; and Merck/Schering-Plough Corporation.